America’s Quiet Hydrogen Hunt Heats Up

Federal research and early drilling hint at rising opportunity in natural hydrogen

21 Nov 2025

The US push to assess natural underground hydrogen is gaining momentum as federal researchers and early-stage exploration groups test whether the gas can be tapped at scale. A Texas A&M programme funded by the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E unit has become a focal point, as scientists study how naturally occurring hydrogen forms and moves through iron-rich rock. While some compare the moment to the early phase of shale development, researchers caution that evidence of viable reserves remains limited.

The ARPA-E initiative aims to determine whether hydrogen can be produced directly from geological formations, avoiding the heavy infrastructure and electricity needs associated with current hydrogen technologies. If the approach proves workable, officials say the US could gain access to a new source of low-carbon fuel and potentially attract strategic investment.

Early field activity is moving in parallel with the research. Koloma is preparing test wells in Idaho, indicating that exploration is progressing beyond theory. In Kansas, 45-8 Energy and partner H2Au are examining structures thought to contain hydrogen and helium, though no commercial output has been confirmed. Analysts note that the combination of federal funding and private drilling marks a step forward, even if large-scale production remains years away.

Texas A&M researchers stress the need for careful scientific validation before any commercial expansion. Lead investigator Rita Esuru Okoroafor said the team aims to build “a data driven roadmap” specific to natural hydrogen rather than rely on assumptions drawn from oil and gas. Key uncertainties include whether the gas can accumulate in large enough volumes and whether wells can deliver stable flows.

Industry observers say cautious optimism is emerging as research deepens and private groups widen their tests. Further partnerships and pilot projects are expected once early results are assessed. For now, attention remains on the scientific teams and drillers working to determine whether natural hydrogen could form part of the country’s future energy supply.